Retronetworking

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h1. Linux on Auerswald COMmander Basic2

This page is an attempt to document bits and pieces about the embedded Linux OS that runs on the [[Auerswald COMmander Basic2]] PBX. 

More speificially, it's an ARM/Linux based system running on a "Digi International NS9360":http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/91001326_D.pdf ARM926 SoC built from PTXdist-0.7.5 

h2. Source Code

* the PTXdist 0.7.5 source code can be found at https://public.pengutronix.de/software/ptxdist/v0.7/

* Auerswald has released _GPL tarballs_ at http://data-1.auerswald.de/license/gpl/COMfortel_VoIP_250_DECT1040_COMfortel2500/2015/GPL_COMfortel_VoIP_250_DECT1040_VoIP_2500_150415.iso

h2. Serial Console

The ARM SoC has a serial console (ttyS2) at 3.3V.  It is running at 19200 bps and is exposed on test pads near the NS9630 on the PBX mainboard.

h3. Pinout

!{width:40%}auerswald_cb2_uart.jpg! !{width:40%}auerswald_cb2_uart2.jpg!

The pinout related to the orientation of the pictures is (from top to bottom):

|_.location|_.signal|

|top|GND|

|center|TxD (of CB2)|

|bottom|RxD (of CB2)|

h2. u-boot

h3. u-boot bootlog

<pre>

YABOL 1.3 (11:21:24Jan 17 2007)

hardware version: 01

checking for image mode...on... no

loading binary from NAND

binary loaded, starting...

U-Boot 1.1.2 (Aug  7 2006 - 08:23:30) FS.1-gds3.1

U-Boot code: 00F80000 -> 00F9D148  BSS: -> 00FA83DC

IRQ Stack: 00f5fb7c

FIQ Stack: 00f5eb7c

SDRAM-Size: 2000000 hex

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 00000000 32 MB

NAND:  64 MB

Init NAND-FLASH ....

Using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Board revision 1 found

serial: 2448900276AU0123103800820H      

ethaddr: 00:09:52:00:d1:7f

ccode: 0

reserve:                                 

Checking for factory reset... no

Looking for boot partition...

reading marker block: ********

Checking Partition 1... OK

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 

Partition changed to 1

### JFFS2 loading 'boot/bas2boot.1.img' to 0x10000

Scanning JFFS2 FS: ......... done.

### JFFS2 load complete: 456 bytes loaded to 0x10000

## Executing script at 00010000

### JFFS2 loading 'boot/fpga_r1.bin' to 0x10000

### JFFS2 load complete: 75895 bytes loaded to 0x10000

FPGA Version @0x40088000: 11    .

### JFFS2 loading 'boot/uImage' to 0x10000

### JFFS2 load complete: 952212 bytes loaded to 0x10000

## Booting image at 00010000 ...

   Image Name:   Linux-2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    952148 Bytes = 929.8 kB

   Load Address: 00008000

   Entry Point:  00008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

OK

</pre>

h3. u-boot environment

<pre>

bootargs=console=ttyS1 ip=192.168.0.240::192.168.0.10:255.255.255.0 root=mtdblock/$(bootpart) ro rootfstype=jffs2

bootcmd=chpart $(bootpart);fsload boot/bas2boot.$(board_revision).img;autoscr;chpart $(backuppart);fsload boot/bas2boot.$(board_revision).img;autoscr;booterr 3 4 4

bootdelay=3

baudrate=19200

ipaddr=192.168.0.240

serverip=192.168.0.10

gatewayip=192.168.0.1

netmask=255.255.255.0

bootcmd_error=booterr 1 4 4

bootcmd_install=autoscr;mw.b 1000000 0 100;echo update failed;booterr 1 4 4

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

board_revision=1

serial=2448900276AU0123103800820H

ethaddr=00:09:52:00:d1:7f

ccode=0

reserve=

bootpart=1

backuppart=2

</pre>

h2. boot script

<pre>

u-boot> fsload boot/bas2boot.1.img

u-boot> md 0x10000 80

00010000: 56190527 233f5c22 ffa86e5c 88010000    '..V"\?#\n......

00010010: 00000000 00000000 1b0005ea 01060205    ................

00010020: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000    ................

00010030: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000    ................

00010040: 80010000 00000000 6c746573 30206465    ........setled 0

00010050: 0a0a3320 6f6c7366 31206461 30303030     3..fsload 10000

00010060: 6f6f6220 70662f74 725f6167 69622e31     boot/fpga_r1.bi

00010070: 70660a6e 6c206167 2064616f 30312030    n.fpga load 0 10

00010080: 20303030 69662824 6973656c 0a29657a    000 $(filesize).

00010090: 6f686365 47504620 65562041 6f697372    echo FPGA Versio

000100a0: 3040206e 635c5c78 2e646d0a 30342062    n @0x\\c.md.b 40

000100b0: 30383830 31203030 65730a0a 766e6574    088000 1..setenv

000100c0: 6f6f6220 67726174 73616273 63206369     bootargsbasic c

000100d0: 6f736e6f 743d656c 32537974 3239312c    onsole=ttyS2,192

000100e0: 75203030 5f726573 75626564 35323d67    00 user_debug=25

000100f0: 65730a35 766e6574 6f6f6220 67726174    5.setenv bootarg

00010100: 64746d73 6f6f7220 746d3d74 6f6c6264    smtd root=mtdblo

00010110: 242f6b63 72617028 69746974 20296e6f    ck/$(partition) 

00010120: 72206f72 66746f6f 70797473 666a3d65    ro rootfstype=jf

00010130: 20327366 61687465 3d726464 74652824    fs2 ethaddr=$(et

00010140: 64646168 63202972 65646f63 6328243d    haddr) ccode=$(c

00010150: 65646f63 65732029 6c616972 7328243d    code) serial=$(s

00010160: 61697265 730a296c 6e657465 6f622076    erial).setenv bo

00010170: 7261746f 24207367 6f6f6228 67726174    otargs $(bootarg

00010180: 73616273 20296369 6f622824 7261746f    sbasic) $(bootar

00010190: 746d7367 0a0a2964 6f6c7366 31206461    gsmtd)..fsload 1

000101a0: 30303030 6f6f6220 49752f74 6567616d    0000 boot/uImage

000101b0: 7465730a 2064656c 0a322030 746f6f62    .setled 0 2.boot

000101c0: 3031206d 0a303030 5a2cf071 6b6b6b6b    m 10000.q.,Zkkkk

</pre>

h3. modified bootscript to get root shell

<pre>

u-boot> setled 0 3

u-boot> fsload 10000 boot/fpga_r1.bin

### JFFS2 loading 'boot/fpga_r1.bin' to 0x10000

### JFFS2 load complete: 75895 bytes loaded to 0x10000

u-boot> fpga load 0 10000 $(filesize)

u-boot> setenv bootargsbasic console=ttyS2,19200 user_debug=255 init=/bin/sh

u-boot> setenv bootargsmtd root=mtdblock/1 ro rootfstype=jffs2 ethaddr=$(ethaddr) ccode=$(ccode) serial=$(serial)

u-boot> setenv bootargs $(bootargsbasic) $(bootargsmtd)

u-boot> fsload 10000 boot/uImage

### JFFS2 loading 'boot/uImage' to 0x10000

### JFFS2 load complete: 952212 bytes loaded to 0x10000

u-boot> setled 0 2

u-boot> bootm 10000

</pre>

h2. kernel

h3. kernel bootlog

<pre>

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux............................................................... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4 (build@build) (gcc version 3.4.2) #375 Fri Mar 5 09:55:24 CET 2010

CPU: ARM926EJ-Sid(wb) [41069264] revision 4 (ARMv5TEJ)

CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache

CPU0: I cache: 8192 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 64 sets

CPU0: D cache: 4096 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 32 sets

Machine: A9M9360

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

NS9360 Rev. 0, running at 154 MHz

Built 1 zonelists

Kernel command line: console=ttyS2,19200 user_debug=255 root=mtdblock/1 ro rootfstype=jffs2 ethaddr=00:09:52:00:d1:7f ccode=0 serial=2448900276AU0123103800820H

PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 4096 bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory: 32MB = 32MB total

Memory: 30352KB available (1602K code, 332K data, 80K init)

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

NET: Registered protocol family 16

i2c_ns: I2C ns9750 driver $Revision: 1.5 $ initializing

NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)

devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)

devfs: boot_options: 0x1

Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SAFENAND) (SUMMARY) (C) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.

NS9750 Watchdog initialized

Serial: NS9750 driver $Revision: 1.6 $

ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf9200000 (irq = 34) is a NS9xx0

ttyS1 at MMIO 0xf9200040 (irq = 36) is a NS9xx0

ttyS2 at MMIO 0xf9300000 (irq = 38) is a NS9xx0

ttyS3 at MMIO 0xf9300040 (irq = 40) is a NS9xx0

Serial: JTAG driver $Revision: 1.1 $

ttyJ0 at MMIO 0x0 (irq = 0) is a JTAGCOMM

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered

loop: loaded (max 8 devices)

Ethernet: NS9xx0 driver $Revision: 1.13.cbr $

NAND Flash memory mapped to virtual c2880000

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0x98, Chip ID: 0x76 (Toshiba NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

Scanning device for bad blocks

Using static partition definition

Creating 5 MTD partitions on "basic.2":

0x00000000-0x00038000 : "U-BOOT"

0x00040000-0x01020000 : "System_1"

0x01020000-0x02000000 : "System_2"

0x02000000-0x04000000 : "Daten"

0x00038000-0x00040000 : "Service"

NS9360 udc driver

ns9360-udc ns9360-udc0: gadget driver initializing

i2c /dev entries driver

24c64: EEPROM driver $Revision: 1.1 $ initializing

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes

TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)

NET: Registered protocol family 1

Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.

VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.

VFS: Mounted root (jffs2 filesystem) readonly.

Mounted devfs on /dev

Freeing init memory: 80K

PTXdist-0.7.5 (2005-11-23T10:35:05+0100)

mounting /proc and /sys... done.

mounting filesystems... mount: WARNING: loop device is read-only

done.

preparing /data ...done.

basic system configuration... done.

starting the system logger... done.

starting network... [HWaddr: 00:09:52:00:d1:7f]

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/packet/af_packet.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_MASQUERADE.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_REDIRECT.ko

killall: vd: no process killed

killall: vmd: no process killed

done.

starting USB network port ... 

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko

killall: udhcpd: no process killed

udhcpd (v0.9.9-pre) started

done.

starting ppp... Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/drivers/net/slhc.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/drivers/net/ppp_generic.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/drivers/net/ppp_synctty.ko

Using /lib/modules/2.6.11-fs.1-gds9.4/kernel/drivers/char/n_hdlc.ko

done.

mounting nfs filesystems... done.

reading the hardware clock... 

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auerrtc.ko

hwclock: Could not read time from RTC: Input/output error

date is invalid, setting default date

Tue May  1 00:00:00 CEST 2001

hwclock: Could not set the RTC time: Input/output error

starting network services... done.

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auerlog.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/hwtimer.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auertim.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auergb.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auermod.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/isdnhdlc.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auerdsp.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auersicofi4.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auertdm.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auerab_all.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auers0basic.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auer4s0.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auer8up0.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auers2m.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auertsm_all.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auertoene.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auer_sscp.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auers0_hfc8s4s.ko

Using /opt/auerswald/modules/auer_voip.ko

</pre>

h2. Useful hints

h3. Activationg telnet/nfs server, NFS client

There's a file @/data/etc/network.conf@

<pre>

telnet-server: no

ftp-server: no

nfs-server: no

# nfs-mount: <host>:<path> <mountpoint>

dhcp-name: COMmander_Basic.2

</pre>

If you change the settings, you can enable telnet/nfs servers on the PBX itself (ftp binary is missing), or you can instruct it to mount a network share from a NFS server.  Those settings are processed by the init scripts.

The default NFS exports of the server in the PBX look like this:

<pre>

/ 192.168.21.0/24(sync,no_root_squash,rw)

/data 192.168.21.0/24(sync,no_root_squash,rw)

</pre>