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SDR OsmoTRX network from scratch » History » Revision 30

Revision 29 (jolly, 02/19/2016 10:47 PM) → Revision 30/48 (Anonymous, 02/19/2016 10:47 PM)

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 = Installing a GSM network from scratch = 

 This document describes how to install, configure and run [wiki:OsmoTRX], [wiki:OsmoBTS], [wiki:osmo-nitb OsmoNITB] and LCR. 

 In order to use this quick howto, you must have basic knowledge about GIT and be familiar with compiling packages from source. 


 == Prerequisite == 

 These packages may be available from you distribution. If not, install them by hand as follows. 

 === opencore-amr (optional, for LCR only) === 

 This package installs GSM adaptive multirate codecs and the EFR codec. The Full-Rate codec is included in LCR's repository. 

 It can downloaded at [http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/files/opencore-amr/] 

 {{{ 
 tar xvzf opencore-amr-x.x.x.tar.gz 
 cd opencore-amr-x.x.x 
 ./configure 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 === Sip-Sofia (optional, for LCR only) === 

 This package installs the open source SIP stack of Nokia Research Center. 

 It can downloaded at [http://sourceforge.net/projects/sofia-sip/files/sofia-sip/]. 

 {{{ 
 tar xvzf sofia-sip-x.xx.xx.tar.gz 
 cd sofia-sip-x.xx.xx 
 ./configure 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 === oRTP === 

 This package installs the open source RTP protocol required for libosmo-abis. 

 It can downloaded at [http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/linphone/ortp/sources/]. 

 {{{ 
 tar xvzf ortp-x.xx.x.tar.gz 
 cd ortp-x.xx.x 
 ./configure 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 === others === 

 sqlite3, libdbi, dbd-sqlite3 (driver) should should be available from your distribution. 



 == Installing    == 

 === libosmocore === 

 This package installs the core utility library for various Osmocom projects. 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/libosmocore.git 
 }}} 

 Finish the installation: 
 {{{ 
 cd libosmocore 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 === libosmo-abis === 

 [[span(style=background: yellow, Use jolly/multi-trx branch. It is required for multiple TRX support, until it is applied to master. jolly/trx branch of osmo-bts will not compile without it.)]] 

 This package installs the core utility library for various Osmocom projects. 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/libosmo-abis.git 
 }}} 

 Sometimes it is necessary to point to different pkgconfig path, because your distribution may use other pkgconfig path than the default path of the packages above. Use the following prefix: 
 {{{ 
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure ..... 
 }}} 

 Finish the installation: 
 {{{ 
 cd libosmo-abis 
 # change branch: 
 git checkout -b jolly/multi-trx origin/jolly/multi-trx 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure 
 (sometimes it is necessary to point to different .../lib/pkgconfig/ path: PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure .....) 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 === OsmoNITB === 

 This package installs the [wiki:osmo-nitb Osmocom Network In The Box] software 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/openbsc.git 
 }}} 

 Finish the installation: 
 {{{ 
 cd openbsc/openbsc/ 
 # change branch: 
 git checkout -b jolly/testing origin/jolly/testing 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure 
 (sometimes it is necessary to point to different .../lib/pkgconfig/ path: PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure .....) 
 make 
 make install 
 cd ../.. 
 }}} 


 === OsmoBTS === 

 [wiki:OsmoBTS]: (BTS software) 

 This package installs the open source Base Transceiver Station. 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/osmo-bts.git 
 }}} 

 Finish the installation: 
 {{{ 
 cd osmo-bts 
 #change branch: 
 git checkout -b jolly/trx origin/jolly/trx 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure --enable-trx 
 (sometimes it is necessary to point to different .../lib/pkgconfig/ path: PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure .....) 
 make 
 make install 
 cd .. 
 }}} 

 === OsmoTRX === 

 Refer to the [wiki:OsmoTRX] page for build instructions. 


 === Linux-Call-Router (LCR) (optional) === 

 This package installs the open source PBX software to bridge ISDN (DSS1) / SIP / GSM (MNCC protocol) 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.misdn.eu/lcr.git/ 
 }}} 

 Now configure, as described here: 

 {{{ 
 cd lcr 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure --with-sip --with-gsm-bs --with-gsm-ms 
 }}} 

 I strongly suggest not to use the Half-Rate codec (--enable-gsmhr) except for testing, because this codec is so slow, that only one or two calls may occupy CPU completely. 

 Sometimes it is necessary to point to different pkgconfig path, because your distribution may use other pkgconfig path than the default path of the packages above. Use the following prefix: 
 {{{ 
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure ..... 
 }}} 

 The configure result should include: 
 {{{ 
 configure: Compiled with GSM network side support 
 configure: Compiled with GSM mobile side support 
 configure: Compiled with GSM half rate codec support 
 configure: Compiled with GSM AMR codec support 
 configure: Compiled with SIP support 
 }}} 

 Finish the installation: 
 {{{ 
 make 
 make install 
 ldconfig 
 cd .. 
 }}} 


 == Configuration examples == 

 === OsmoBTS === 

 {{{ 
 mkdir ~/.osmocom 
 edit ~/.osmocom/osmo-bts.cfg 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 bts 0 
  band DCS1800 
  ipa unit-id 1801 0 
  oml remote-ip 127.0.0.1 
  rtp bind-ip 127.0.0.1 
  rtp jitter-buffer 0 
  paging lifetime 0 
  gsmtap-sapi bcch 
  gsmtap-sapi ccch 
  gsmtap-sapi rach 
  gsmtap-sapi agch 
  gsmtap-sapi pch 
  gsmtap-sapi sdcch 
  gsmtap-sapi pacch 
  gsmtap-sapi pdtch 
  gsmtap-sapi sacch 
  fn-advance 20 
  ms-power-loop -10 
  timing-advance-loop 
  trx 0 
   rxgain 0 
   power 0 
 }}} 


 === OpenBSC === 

 {{{ 
 mkdir ~/.osmocom 
 edit ~/.osmocom/open-bsc.cfg 
 }}} 

 '''Be sure to change 'arfcn' to a frequency you have license for!''' 

 {{{ 
 e1_input 
  e1_line 0 driver ipa 
  e1_line 0 port 0 
 network 
  network country code 262 
  mobile network code 42 
  short name OpenBSC 
  long name OpenBSC 
  auth policy accept-all 
  location updating reject cause 13 
  encryption a5 0 
  neci 1 
  paging any use tch 0 
  rrlp mode ms-based 
  mm info 1 
  handover 0 
  handover window rxlev averaging 10 
  handover window rxqual averaging 1 
  handover window rxlev neighbor averaging 10 
  handover power budget interval 6 
  handover power budget hysteresis 3 
  handover maximum distance 9999 
  timer t3101 10 
  timer t3103 0 
  timer t3105 0 
  timer t3107 0 
  timer t3109 0 
  timer t3111 0 
  timer t3113 60 
  timer t3115 0 
  timer t3117 0 
  timer t3119 0 
  timer t3122 10 
  timer t3141 0 
  dtx-used 0 
  subscriber-keep-in-ram 0 
  bts 0 
   type sysmobts 
   band DCS1800 
   cell_identity 0 
   location_area_code 1 
   training_sequence_code 7 
   base_station_id_code 63 
   ms max power 0 
   cell reselection hysteresis 4 
   rxlev access min 0 
   periodic location update 30 
   channel allocator descending 
   rach tx integer 9 
   rach max transmission 7 
   channel-descrption attach 1 
   channel-descrption bs-pa-mfrms 5 
   channel-descrption bs-ag-blks-res 1 
   ip.access unit_id 1801 0 
   oml ip.access stream_id 255 line 0 
   neighbor-list mode automatic 
   trx 0 
    rf_locked 0 
    arfcn 869 
    nominal power 0 
    max_power_red 0 
    rsl e1 tei 0 
     timeslot 0 
      phys_chan_config CCCH+SDCCH4 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 1 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 2 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 3 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 4 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 5 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 6 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
     timeslot 7 
      phys_chan_config TCH/F 
      hopping enabled 0 
 }}} 


 === Linux-Call-Router (LCR) (optional) === 

 ==== options.conf ==== 

 {{{ 
 edit /usr/local/etc/lcr/options.conf 
 }}} 

 Add a line to show logging to the console: 
 {{{ 
 debug 0x100000 
 }}} 


 ==== interface.conf ==== 

 The simplest configuration uses only the GSM interface. It allows LCR to forward calls from GSM to GSM or from GSM to a call test feature. 

 {{{ 
 edit /usr/local/etc/lcr/interface.conf 
 }}} 

 You can remove (or comment out) everything and just add this interface: 

 {{{ 
 [gsm] 
 gsm-bs 
 tones yes 
 earlyb no 
 extern 
 }}} 

 ==== routing.conf ==== 

 {{{ 
 edit /usr/local/etc/lcr/routing.conf 
 }}} 

 You can remove (or comment out) everything and just add these rulesets: 

 {{{ 
 [main] 
 interface=gsm                             : goto ruleset=gsm 
                                         : disconnect cause=31 

 [gsm] 
 dialing=99                                : test 
                                         : extern interfaces=gsm 
 }}} 

 Look at the main rule set. All calls from interface 'gsm' are forwarded to rule set 'gsm'. 

 Look at the gsm rule set. All calls that dial '99' prefix, will be test calls. All other calls will be forwarded back to 'gsm' interface. 


 == Running == 

 I suggest to have one shell for every process to run, rather than stating all processes as damon from one shell. Not starting as deamon allows to easily see the debugging output. 

 === OpenBSC === 

 Open a shell and start OpenBSC: 

 {{{ 
 osmo-nitb -c ~/.osmocom/open-bsc.cfg -l ~/.osmocom/hlr.sqlite3 -P -C --debug=DRLL:DCC:DMM:DRR:DRSL:DNM 
 }}} 

 OpenBSC runs as a stand-alone network with given config file and data base. In order to use LCR, add '-m' option. In this case the LCR replaces the built-in call control. 

 {{{ 
 osmo-nitb -c ~/.osmocom/open-bsc.cfg -l ~/.osmocom/hlr.sqlite3 -P -m -C --debug=DRLL:DCC:DMM:DRR:DRSL:DNM 
 }}} 

 Very important is the option '-C'. On certain machines, osmo-nitb will halt from time to time while writing counters to database. This Without this option, audio might interrupt several seconds from time to time. 

 The debugging is usefull for early tests, because you will quickly see what happens if a mobile requests something. 

 {{{ 
 <0005> bsc_init.c:422  
 WARNING: You are running an 'accept-all' network on a BTS that is not barred. 
 This configuration is likely to interfere with production GSM networks and 
 should only be used in a RF shielded environment such as a faraday cage! 

 <0019> input/ipaccess.c:925 enabling ipaccess BSC mode 
 DB: Database initialized. 
 DB: Database prepared. 
 <001d> sms_queue.c:220 Attempting to send 20 SMS 
 }}} 


 === OsmoBTS === 

 Open a shell and start OsmoBTS: 

 {{{ 
 osmobts-trx -c ~/.osmocom/osmo-bts.cfg 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 ((*)) 
   | 
  / \ OsmoBTS 
 Using MAC address of eth0: 'xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx' 
 ... 
 <000a> trx_if.c:176 No response from tranceiver 
 <000a> trx_if.c:176 No response from tranceiver 
 <000a> trx_if.c:176 No response from tranceiver 
 }}} 


 === OsmoTRX === 

 Refer to the [wiki:OsmoTRX] page on how to run OsmoTRX. 

 ==== UmTRX ==== 

 The installation/setup/calibration of UmTRX is beyond the scope of this document. Please refer to: 

  * https://github.com/fairwaves 
  * http://files.ettus.com/uhd_docs/manual/html/build.html 
  * http://wush.net/trac/rangepublic/wiki/BuildInstallRun 

 ==== calypso-BTS ==== 

 Building Osmocom-BB with arm-elf toolchain is also beyond the scope of this document. If you managed to compile and run Osmocom-BB you should be able to run the transceiver too. 

 The latest version can downloaded via git: 
 {{{ 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/libosmo-dsp.git 
 git clone git://git.osmocom.org/osmocom-bb.git 
 }}} 

 In order to compile Osmocom-BB with transceiver support, do the following: 
 {{{ 
 cd libosmo-dsp 
 autoreconf -i 
 ./configure 
 (sometimes it is necessary to point to different .../lib/pkgconfig/ path: PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ ./configure .....) 
 make 
 make install 
 cd .. 

 cd osmocom-bb 
 # change branch: 
 git checkout -b jolly/testing origin/jolly/testing 
 cd src 
 make 
 # after it compiles, just enable transceiver support 
 cd host/layer23 
 ./configure --enable-transceiver 
 make 
 }}} 

 '''NOTE: "ms-power-loop" at osmo-bts.cfg should be set to -65, in order to prevent saturating the input. Also if the phone is only one or few meters away, "ms max power" should be set to 0. In case of long distance test it can be set to 30 (DCS) or 33 (GSM 900).''' 

 Now you should start with a single phone for one timeslot only. If it works, you can try two phones to serve two timeslots. Since you have only one slot, you will only be able to transmit broadcast, do location updating and send/receive SMS. Here is the "osmo-bts.cfg" for a single timeslot: 

 {{{ 
 bts 0 
  band DCS1800 
  ipa unit-id 1801 0 
  oml remote-ip 127.0.0.1 
  rtp jitter-buffer 0 
  paging queue-size 200 
  paging lifetime 0 
  fn-advance 30 
  ms-power-loop -60 
  timing-advance-loop 
  settsc 
  setbsic 
  trx 0 
   rxgain 0 
   power 0 
   slotmask 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 }}} 

 Run osmocon and transceiver application in separate shells: 

 {{{ 
 # Please refer to Osmocom-BB wiki for compiling and running own firmware on compal phones... 
 osmocon -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -m c123xor -c path_to/trx.highram.bin -r 99 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 transceiver -e 5 -r 99 
 }}} 

 When using two phones, two timeslots can be served. I suggest to configure second timeslot (TS 1) as TCH/H at openbsc.cnf. This way it is possible to allow two traffic channels on a single timeslot. If you do a call from one phone to another, you will need one channel for each phone. In order to use two phones, you need to change the alot map of osmo-bts.cnf: 

 {{{ 
   slotmask 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 }}} 

 Run two osmocon and transceiver application in separate shells: 

 {{{ 
 osmocon -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -m c123xor -c path_to/trx.highram.bin -r 99 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 # This osmocon connects to the serial interface of the second phone. 
 # Note: "/tmp/osmocom_l2.2" is the second socket to which the transceiver will connect. 
 osmocon -p /dev/ttyUSB1 -s /tmp/osmocom_l2.2 -m c123xor -c path_to/trx.highram.bin -r 99 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 transceiver -e 5 -r 99 -2 
 }}} 


 === Linux-Call-Router (LCR) (optional) === 

 Run LCR with debugging output. 

 {{{ 
 lcr start 
 }}} 

 {{{ 
 ** LCR    Version 1.14 

 LCR 1.14 started, waiting for calls... 
 }}} 


 == Test == 

 === Location Updating === 

 Switch on the phone. 

 If you have a SIM card for your network 262 42, you can use it and do automatic network search. If not, do a manual network and select this network. You should see debugging output on OpenBSC like this: 
 {{{ 
 ... 
  <0002> gsm_04_08.c:424 -> LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT 
 ... 
 }}} 


 === Call the music (LCR required) === 

 Now enter phone number 995 to select the test function 5 of LCR. This test function just plays the hold music. 


 === Echo and BFI test (LCR required) === 

 Enter phone number 993 to select the test function 3 of LCR. This test function echoes back everything that is received. Note that it will re-transcode the speech data, so the audio from your voice is compressed and decompressed twice until you can hear a fraction of a second later. 

 You may experience short beeps. These beeps represent all bad frames that could not be decoded or got lost over the air. (Without this test, the missing frames will be extrapolated from previous frame, so some loss rate will not be recognized by the remote end.) 

 == See also == 

 * [wiki:multi-BTS_with_handover] -- NITB plus two dual channel BTS (based on OsmoBTS) with handover support
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