QMI » History » Revision 13
Revision 12 (laforge, 12/25/2016 10:03 PM) → Revision 13/15 (laforge, 12/25/2016 11:15 PM)
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h1. QMI
h2. QMI (Qualcomm MSM Interface)
This is the general term for all related messaging between processors and their software stacks on Qualcomm cellular processors.
In case of data cards / data modems, QMI is often exposed to the host PC via USB. On Linux hosts, the open source libqmi-glib (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/libqmi/) is often used to inplement the QMI protocols to control the cellular modem.
QMI offers various different _services_ (e.g. WDS, the wireless data service) which are exposed via the QMI protocol stack on one or many QMI _ports_.
In the context of multi-processor Qualcomm chipsets, such as the MDM9615/9x07 used in cellular modems / data cards, or also in the case of Android smartphones, QMI ports are exposed to the Linux-running application CPU core inside the chip. There can be many different transport mechanisms, but in the case of modern integrated chips, it is primarily SMD (Shared Memory Device).
On the OE based Linux in the cellular modems, there is a proprietary QMI multiplex daemon (@qmuxd@), which acts as a proxy between the shared memory device and various userspace processes accessing QMI services. Those client programs communicate with qmuxd over a unix-domain socket. There are (proprietary) libraries (@libqmi.so@, @libqmi-framework.so@) that encapsulate the qmuxd and QMI communication protocols, the message encoding/decoding and state machines.
On Android phones using integrated Qualcomm chipsets, there is an Android RIL daemon that converts from RIL to QMI.
h2. IDL
* @int32_t qmi_idl_get_service_id(service_obj, service_id)@
get service ID for a given service object
* @qmi_idl_message_decode()@
Decode from TLV to C structure
* @qmi_idl_message_encode()@
Encode from C structure to wire format TLV
h3. IDL Structures
Individual services are implemented in a data-driven manner by data
structures describing the type of messsages and the message TLV
structure.
In the end, a service describes itself using the master structure
qmi_idl_service_object, consisting of
* library version (0x04)
* idl version
* service ID
* maximum message length
* number of command/response/indication messges in tables
* tables describing messages (@qmi_idl_service_message_table_entry@)
* tables describing types (@qmi_idl_type_table_object@)
The data structures describing a given service are generated by an IDL
compiler.
If you have a binary libqmi* providing IDL definitions, you can use the following
commadn to extract the IDL service definitions supported:
<pre>
strings libqmi* | grep _idl_service_object | sort | uniq
</pre>
h2. CSI (Common Service Interface)
Data model (see @qmi_csi_common.h@ for more info):
* each service list has a list of active services
* each service has a table of transports associated with it
* each service also has a list of connected clients
* each client has a pointer to the transport it connected from
* each client also has a list of outstanding transactions
CSI has only a single transport on Linux, using te AF_MSM_IPC type
sockets as a basis.
h2. SAP (Service Access Proxy)
Intended to export a service off-chip using QMUX daemon.
Encodes/Decodes messages for registering services:
* register_service request/response
* deregister_service request/response
* client_connect indication
* client_disconnect indication
h2. QMUX (QMI Multiplex)
The related code can either talk directly to the shared-memory devices
on Linux and thus the hardware (see @qmi_platform_qmux_io.c@).
It can however also establish a connection via a multiplex daemon.
This connection utilizes unix domain STREAM type sockets in
/dev/socket, specifically:
* @/dev/socket/qmux_audio/qmux_{client,connect}_socket@
* @/dev/socket/qmux_bluetooth/qmux_{client,connect}_socket@
* @/dev/socket/qmux_radio/qmux_{client,connect}_socket@
* @/dev/socket/qmux_gps/qmux_{client,connect}_socket@
* @/var/qmux_{client,connect}_socket@ on non-android devices
h2. QCCI (QMI Common Client Interface)
The QCCI layer wraps QMI into the respective transport. The
transports supported are:
* IPC router (linux kernel socket family)
* QMUXD (using qmi_qmux_... API, via unix domain sockets)
* UDP packets (base port 10000)
The CCI API is what QMI clients normally would call to initiate a
client connection to a service. The CCI functions would then normally
be wrapped by some service specific code that wraps the IDL
definitions for message encoding/decoding and provides
service-specific API to the client.
h2. IPC (Inter Process Communications)
Qualcomm implements a socket-based inter process communication on
Linux. It is implemented usinga new address family, @AF_MSM_IPC@ (27).
The socket is used as datagram type socket (SOCK_DGRAM).
The socket address of a related socket consists of:
* the socket family (AF_MSM_IPC)
* a @struct msm_ipc_addr@, consisting of
** a single address type byte
** a port address (node_id, port_id)
** a port name (service, instance)
h2. IRSC (IPC Router Security Control)
FIXME
h2. Shared Memory based Logging
There's a @/dev/smem_log@ which can be opened and read from. It
supports some specific ioctl() to set binary mode.
More information in @smem_log.h@
h2. AT command implementation (QMI ATCOP service layer)
This is used by client programs to register AT command call-backs within the modems AT command interpreter.
The QMI ATCOP service layer seems to be pre-IDL, as it doesn't have the usual IDL compiler code structure.
The baseband firmware appears have a compile-time white-list of AT commands for which the AT command forwarding is permitted. Any other commands are rejected with error 48 (invalid argument)
Qualcomm default seems to permit +CLVL, +CKPD, +CMUT, +CTSA, +CBKLT, +CFUN, +CDIS, +CRSL, +CMAR, +CSO, +CSS, +CBC, $QCPWRDN and this may be extended by vendor-specific commands, such as +QFOTADL in the Quectel case
h3. qmi_atcop_fwd_at_urc_req()
used to send unsolicited response codes to modem
h3. qmi_atcop_fwd_at_cmd_resp()
used by client to send response to an AT command previously forwarded
to the client from the modem
h3. qmi_atcop_reg_at_command_fwd_req()
used by client to registre any AT commands that need to be forwarded
to it from the modem
h3. qmi_atcop_srvc_init_client()
intialization
h3. qmi_atcop_srvc_release_client()
cleanup
h2. QMI Services (via IDL)
See [[EC20_QMI]] and [[EC25_QMI]] for the IDLs included in the respective modem firmware
h3. Test Service
Part of qmi-framework. IDL descriptions for
* ping req/resp
* test_ind
* data req/resp
* large_data req/resp
* data_ind_reg req/resp
* test_data_ind
* get_service_name req/resp
h3. common_v01
* get_supported_msgs req/resp
* get_supported_fields req/resp
h3. application_traffic_pairing_v01
h3. card_application_toolkit_v02
SIM/USIM toolkit related
h3. circuit_switched_video_telephony_v01
h3. coexistence_manager_v01
bt/wifi coexistance?
h3. control_service_v01
h3. data_system_determination_v01
check for availability of wlan/modem/... data bearers and set related
policy
h3. device_management_service_v01
* inquiry about device maker/model/version
* MSISDN, ICCID, IMSI, MAC address inquiry
* PIN entry/management
* locking
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_application_v01
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_dcm_v01
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_presence_v01
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_rtp_v01
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_settings_v01
h3. ip_multimedia_subsystem_video_telephony_v01
h3. network_access_service_common_v01
h3. network_access_service_v01
* network scan / registration
* network preference
* forbidden networks
* rf band information
* operator name
* rx diversity
h3. persistent_device_configuration_v01
h3. phonebook_manager_service_v01
h3. qmi_adc_service_v01
* ADC conversion/calibration
h3. qmi_ims_vt_v01
h3. qualcomm_mobile_access_point_msgr_v01
h3. qualcomm_mobile_access_point_v01
See [[QCMAP]]
h3. radio_frequency_radiated_performance_enhancement_v01
h3. sar_vs_service_v01
h3. specific_absorption_rate_v01
h3. user_identity_module_remote_v01
APDU forwarding of SIM/USIM to remote location?
Probably more te opposite: A way how a modem can export a CCID device
towards a PC and then map the APDUs in something that the modem can
digest?
h3. user_identity_module_v01
SIM/USIM card access
* read/write transparent / record EF
* verify / unblock / change pin
* card power up/down
* authenticate
* raw APDU
* SAP
* logicla channels
* ATR
* multi sim (slot) management
h3. voice_service_common_v02
h3. voice_service_v02
call control
h3. wireless_data_administrative_service_v01
h3. wireless_data_service_v01
cellular data
h3. wireless_messaging_service_v01
SMS-PP, SMS-CB
h2. further reading
http://www.lanedo.com/documents/Qualcomm%20Gobi%20devices%20on%20Linux.pdf